Recirculation

Hemodialysis Adequacy & Access patency Management - A new standard of patient care

recirc Real-Time Recirculation Percentage

On-the-spot assessment without Blood sampling
Accurate and repeatable for routine testing
Results obtained within minutes
Can confirm accurately the absence of recirculation
Quick, easy, painless

The immediate appearance of a dilution curve signals recirculation of dialyzed blood returning to the arterial line. The percentage of recirculation is displayed clearly on the computer.

trnrecirgraph

References

Zero Vascular Access Recirculation - A New Reality

Krivitski, N.M., "Novel Method to Measure Access Flow during Hemodialysis by Ultrasound Dilution Technique," ASAIO Journal, Vol. 41, p. M741-M745, 1995. HD4T
Depner, T.A., Krivitski, N.M., MacGibbon, D., "Hemodialysis Access Recirculation (Rc) Measured by Ultrasound Dilution," ASAIO Journal, Vol. 41, p. M749-M753, 1995. HD6V
Kapoian, T., Steward, C.A., Sherman, R.A., "Validation of a Revised Slow -stop Recirculation Method," Kidney International, Vol. 52, p. 839-842, 1997. HD20V
Alloatti, S., Molino, A., Bonfant, G., Ratibondi, S., Bosticardo, G.M., "Measurement of Vascular Access Recirculation Recirculation: Unaffected by Cardiopulmonary Evaluation of an Ultrasound Method," Nephron, Vol. 81, p. 25-30, 1999. HD35V
MacDonald, J., Sosa, M., Krivitski, N.M., Glidden, D., Sands, J.J., "Identifying A New Reality: Zero Vascular Access Recirculation Using Ultrasound Dilution," ANNA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 6, p.603-608, 1996. HD4A
Twardowski, Z.J., Van Stone, J.C., Haynie, J.D., "All Currently Used Measurements of Recirculation in Blood Access by Chemical Methods are Flawed Due to Intradialytic Disequilibrium or Recircualtion at Low Flow ," American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol. 32, No. 6, p.1046-1058, 1998. HD84A
Sands, J., Krivitski, N.M., Vascular Access for HemodialysisV, Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Dialysis Access, 1996, Tucson, AZ, Chapter 28, "Access Recirculation in Hemodialysis," W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Precept Press, M.L. Henry, R.M. Ferguson, eds , p. 263 - 267, 1997. HD9A
Schneditz, Daniel, "Recirculation, a Seemingly Simple Concept" Nephrology, Dialysis Transplantation, Vol. 13, No. 9, p. 2191-3, 1999. HD3E
Lindsay, R.M., Bradfield, E., Rothera, C., Kianfar, C., Malek, P., Blake, P.G., "A Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Hemodialysis Access Recirculation and Access Blood Flow Rate," ASAIO Journal, Vol. 44, p. 62-67, 1998. HD44A
Lindsay, R.M., Rothera, C., Blake, P.G., "A Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Hemodialysis Access Recirculation, An Update" ASAIO Journal, Vol. 44, p.191-193, 1998. HD52A
Lindsay, R.M., "Assessment of Access Recirculation during Hemodialysis" Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, Vol.6, p.570-574, 1998. HD53A

Abstracts

Besarab, A., Frinak, S., Lubkowski, T., Ramanathan, S., Kaiser, J., Escobar, F ., "Is It Time to Abandon Access Recirculation (AR) As a Test of Access Dysfunction?," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 8, p. 153A, 1997 . HD21A
Depner, T.A., Eder, L.A., "Changes in Access Blood Flow & Appearance of Recirculation during Hemodialysis," XIIIth International Congress of Nephrology Abstracts, p. 570, 1995. HD2A
Kapoian, T., Miller, A.J., Sherman, R.A., "Validation of a Revised Slow/Stop Flow Recirculation (R) Method," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 7, No. 9, p.1410, 1996. HD22V
Lindsay, R., Bradfield, E., Rothera, C., Kianfar, C., Malek, P., Blake, P.G., "A Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Access Recirculation AR and Access Flow Qa ," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 7, p.1412, 1996; ASAIO Abstracts, Vol. 43, No. 2, p.70, 1997. HD29V
Lindsay, R., Blake, P.G., Rothera, C., Kianfar, C., "The Effect of Access Recirculation on Solute Clearance during hemodialysis HD ," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 8, p. 287A, 1997. HD35A
Mishkin, G.J., von Albertini, B., Barlee, V., Lew, S.Q., Vassalotti, J.A., Valasquez, M.T., Bosch, J.P., "Specificity and Sensitivity of Ultrasound Dilution for Access Recirculation (AR) Measurements," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 7, No. 9, p.1409, 1996. HD21V
Priester-Coary, A., Dunea, G., Daugirdas, J.T., "Access Recirculation (AR) by Ultrasonic Dilution Compared to a 20 Sec Slow Flow Urea Method," JASN Abstracts, p. 489, 1995. HD3A
Schneditz, D., Wang, E., Levin, N., "Measurement of Access Flow (QAC) and Cardiopulmonary Recirculation (CPR) by Constant Infusion Principle," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 8, p. 171A, 1997. HD31A
Shapiro, W., Gurevich, L., "Inadvertent Reversal of Hemodialysis Lines - A Possible Cause of Decreased Hemodialysis (HD) Efficiency," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 8, p. 172A, 1997. HD32A
Subra, J.F., Choulet, P., Tollis, F., Trouvé, R., Riberi, P., "Hemodialysis Access Recirculation Evaluation by Ultrasound Dilution," Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Abstracts, Vol. 11, No. 6, p. 287, 1996. HD18V
Visscher, V.A., Kloppenburg, W.D., deJong, P.E., Huisman, R.M., "Access Recirculation in Hemodialysis Detected by Ultrasound Dilution and Urea Dilution Methods," Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Abstracts, Vol. 11, No. 6, p. 218, 1996. HD19V