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Delivered Blood Flow |
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Hemodialysis Adequacy & Access patency Management - A new standard of patient care |
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Fig. 1.1: Blood line inserted into the groove in the flow/dilutiuon sensor body. Direction of flow is indicated by arrows. Ultrasound beam is
shown emanating from one of four transducers in the sensor body.
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This measurement uses ultrasound transit-time
principles. Each sensor emits an ultrasound beam which travels through the tubing and blood alternatively in upstream and downstream directions
(Fig. 1.1). When the ultrasound beam travels in the direction of flow, the time it takes for the beam to traverse the distance through the tubing and blood
(the transit-time) is decreased by a flow-dependent amount. When the beam travels in the opposite direction, against the flow in the tube, the beam's
transit time is increased by a flow dependent amount. By subtracting upstream and downstream transit-times, volume flow is calculated.
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Ultrasound transit-time technology is the "Gold Standard" in non-contact flowmetry.
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References
Discrepancy between Prescribed and Delivered
Pump Flow (Qb) in the Vascular Access
- Twardowski, Z.J., Van
Stone, J.C., Haynie, J.D., "All Currently Used Measurements of Recirculation in Blood Access by Chemical Methods Are Flawed Due to Intradialystic Disequilibrium
or Recirculation at Low Flow," American Journal of Kidney Disease, Vol. 32, No. 6 p. 1046-58, 1998. HD84A
- Smiths, J.H.M., Blankestijn, P.J., Thrombosis-Free Hemodialysis
Grafts: A Possibility for the Next Century, " Seminars in Dialysis, Vol. 12, No. 1 p. 44-49, 1999. HD85A
- Sands, J.J., Glidden,
D., Jacavage, W., Jones, B.,"Difference between Delivered and Prescribed Blood flow (QB) in Hemodialysis," ASAIO Journal, Vol. 42, No. 5 p. M717-719, 1996.
HD5A
- Depner, T.A., Rizwan,
S., Stasi, T.A., "Pressure Effects on Roller Pump Blood Flow during Hemodialysis," ASAIO Transactions, Vol. 31, p. M-456-M459, 1990. HD10A
- Kelber, J., Deimez,
J.A, Windus, D.W., " Factors Affecting Delivery of High-Efficiency Dialysis Using Temporary Vascular Access," American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol. 22,
No. 1, pp. 24-29, 1993. HD19A
- Mankus, R.A., Ash,
S.R., Sutton, J.M., "Comparison of Blood Flow Rates and Hydraulic Resistance between the Mahurkar Catheter, the Tesio Twin Catheter, and the Ash Split
Catheter," ASAIO, Vol. 44, No. 5, p. M532-534, 1998 HD77A
Abstracts
- Shapiro, W., Gurevich, L., "The Effect of Arterial Needle Size on
Dialyzer Blood Flow as Measured by Ultrasound Dilution (UD)," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 7, No. 9, p.1419, 1996. HD14A
- Shapiro, W., Gurevich, L., "Inadvertent Reversal of Hemodialysis
Lines - A Possible Cause of Decreased Hemodialysis (HD) Efficiency," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 8, p. 172A, 1997. HD32A
- Arkouche, W., Delawari, E., Sibai, R., Abdullah, E., "Dialysis
Dose Measured by Ionic Dialysance Compared to Total To Collection," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 9, p. 293A, 1998. HD73A
- Kapoian, T, .Steward, C.A., Acevedo, A.R., Haddam, D.A., Sherman,
R.A., "Unrecognized Fall in Delivered BRF (Qb) and Kt/V from Blood Lines with 8mm Blood Pump Segment," JASN Abstracts, Vol. 9, p. 297A, 1998. HD61A
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